Vehicle-to-Grid Technology and Network Effects

Columbia Business School Case

NaaS Technology Inc. in China and ELMI Power GmbH in Germany work to build and scale V2G and vehicle-to-energy storage (V2ES) capabilities. Through analysis of NaaS’s successful scaling in China and ELMI Power’s early-stage efforts in Germany, students will discuss how positive network externalities, market conditions, and policy frameworks shape the development of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure and grid integration technologies.

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